Simbol matematika dasar

Simbol matematika dasar

Simbol Nama, Penjelasan ,Contoh, Dibaca sebagai

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= kesamaan x = y berarti x and y mewakili hal atau nilai yang sama. 1 + 1 = 2 sama dengan

≠ Ketidaksamaan x ≠ y berarti x dan y tidak mewakili hal atau nilai yang sama. 1 ≠ 2 tidak sama dengan

< , > ketidaksamaan x < y berarti x lebih kecil dari y.
x > y means x lebih besar dari y. 3 < 4
5 > 4 lebih kecil dari; lebih besar dari order theory

≤ , ≥ inequality x ≤ y berarti x lebih kecil dari atau sama dengan y. x ≥ y berarti x lebih besar dari atau sama dengan y. 3 ≤ 4 and 5 ≤ 5
5 ≥ 4 and 5 ≥ 5 lebih kecil dari atau sama dengan, lebih besar dari atau sama dengan order theory

+ tambah 4 + 6 berarti jumlah antara 4 dan 6. 2 + 7 = 9 tambah

− kurang 9 − 4 berarti 9 dikurangi 4. 8 − 3 = 5 kurang aritmatika tanda negatif −3 berarti negatif dari angka 3. −(−5) = 5 negatif aritmatika set-theoretic complement A − B berarti himpunan yang mempunyai semua anggota dari A yang tidak terdapat pada B. {1,2,4} − {1,3,4} = {2} minus; without set theory

× multiplication 3 × 4 berarti perkalian 3 oleh 4. 7 × 8 = 56 kali aritmatika Cartesian product X×Y means the set of all ordered pairs with the first element of each pair selected from X and the second element selected from Y. {1,2} × {3,4} = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4)} the Cartesian product of … and …; the direct product of … and … teori himpunan cross product u × v means the cross product of vectors u and v (1,2,5) × (3,4,−1) =
(−22, 16, − 2) cross vector algebra

÷ , / division 6 ÷ 3 atau 6/3 berati 6 dibagi 3. 2 ÷ 4 = .5 12/4 = 3 bagi aritmatika

| | absolute value |x| means the distance in the real line (or the complex plane) between x and zero. |3| = 3, |-5| = |5|
|i| = 1, |3+4i| = 5 nilai mutlak dari numbers

! factorial n! adalah hasil dari 1×2×...×n. 4! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24 faktorial combinatorics

~ probability distribution X ~ D, means the random variable X has the probability distribution D. X ~ N(0,1), the standard normal distribution has distribution statistika

{ , } set brackets {a,b,c} means the set consisting of a, b, and c. N = {0,1,2,...} the set of ... teori himpunan

{ : } set builder notation {x : P(x)} means the set of all x for which P(x) is true. {x | P(x)} is the same as {x : P(x)}.

{ | } {n ∈ N : n² < 20} = {0,1,2,3,4} the set of ... such that ... teori himpunan

∅ , {} himpunan kosong ∅ berarti himpunan yang tidak memiliki elemen. {} juga berarti hal yang sama. {n ∈ N : 1 < n² < 4} = ∅ himpunan kosong teori himpunan

∈ , ∉ set membership a ∈ S means a is an element of the set S; a ∉ S means a is not an element of S. (1/2)⁻¹ ∈ N
2⁻¹ ∉ N is an element of; is not an element of everywhere, teori himpunan

⊆ , ⊂ subset A ⊆ B means every element of A is also element of B.
A ⊂ B means A ⊆ B but A ≠ B. A ∩ B ⊆ A; Q ⊂ R is a subset of teori himpunan

⊇ , ⊃ superset A ⊇ B means every element of B is also element of A.
A ⊃ B means A ⊇ B but A ≠ B. A ∪ B ⊇ B; R ⊃ Q is a superset of teori himpunan

∪ set-theoretic union A ∪ B means the set that contains all the elements from A and also all those from B, but no others. A ⊆ B ⇔ A ∪ B = B the union of ... and ...; union teori himpunan

∩ set-theoretic intersection A ∩ B means the set that contains all those elements that A and B have in common. {x ∈ R : x² = 1} ∩ N = {1} intersected with; intersect teori himpunan

\ set-theoretic complement A \ B means the set that contains all those elements of A that are not in B. {1,2,3,4} \ {3,4,5,6} = {1,2} minus; without teori himpunan

( ) function application f(x) berarti nilai fungsi f pada elemen x. Jika f(x) := x², maka f(3) = 3² = 9. of teori himpunan precedence grouping Perform the operations inside the parentheses first. (8/4)/2 = 2/2 = 1, but 8/(4/2) = 8/2 = 4.

N , ℕ Bilangan asli N berarti {0,1,2,3,...}, but see the article on natural numbers for a different convention. {|a| : a ∈ Z} = N N Bilangan

Z , ℤ Bilangan bulat Z berarti {...,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,...}. {a : |a| ∈ N} = Z Z Bilangan

Q , ℚ Bilangan rasional Q berarti {p/q : p,q ∈ Z, q ≠ 0}. 3.14 ∈ Q π ∉ Q Q Bilangan

R , ℝ Bilangan real R berarti {lim_n→∞ a_n : ∀ n ∈ N: a_n ∈ Q, the limit exists}. π ∈ R √(−1) ∉ R R Bilangan

C , ℂ Bilangan kompleks C means {a + bi : a,b ∈ R}. i = √(−1) ∈ C C Bilangan

∞ infinity ∞ is an element of the extended number line that is greater than all real numbers; it often occurs in limits. lim_x→0 1/|x| = ∞ infinity numbers

π pi π berarti perbandingan (rasio) antara keliling lingkaran dengan diameternya. A = πr² adalah luas lingkaran dengan jari-jari (radius) r pi Euclidean geometry